Detail předmětu

Signals and systems analysis

FEKT-CASSAk. rok: 2015/2016

One-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) signals and systems with continuous time and their mathematical models. One-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) signals and discrete-time systems and their mathematical models. Examples of real signals. Representation in the time and frequency domains, Fourier representation of signals, mutual respect. Definition and method of calculation of FFT. Transformation Z, unilateral and bilateral transform, direct and inverse transform and its applications to differential equations. Random signals and their description, probability theory, the definition of power spectral density. Communication signals and communication systems definition analog and digital. Analog and digital modulations in communication technology. Methods of implementation of communication systems in microprocessors and digital signal processors. The issue is illustrated by the examples of specific signals and systems, and these examples are presented in Matlab. In the laboratory measurements and run a simulation of signals and systems on spectrum analyzer with FFT and using appropriate measurement products for specific measuring instruments.








Jazyk výuky

angličtina

Počet kreditů

6

Nabízen zahradničním studentům

Všech fakult

Výsledky učení předmětu

The students become thoroughly familiar with the continuous-time signals and systems, discrete-time signals and systems, and their representation in the frequency domain, continuous-time and discrete-time random signals, sampling and signal recovery, analog and, in particular, digital communication systems. Students will learn how to use Matlab for signal processing applications in different practical areas. Students will have an idea of how to implement signals and systems in microprocessors and digital signal processors.

Prerekvizity

The subject knowledge on the secondary school level especially of maths and physics is required. Furthermore, a general knowledge of programming and computer skills are important. Emphasis is placed on the knowledge of complex numbers and their application.

Plánované vzdělávací činnosti a výukové metody

Teaching methods depend on the type of course unit as specified in the article 7 of BUT Rules for Studies and Examinations.

Způsob a kritéria hodnocení

Lab exercises are mandatory for successfully passing this course and the students have to obtain the required credits. For lab work and numerical exercise tests they can get 40 points of 100 points. The remaining 60 points can be obtained by successfully passing the final written examination.

Osnovy výuky

1. Signals and systems and their mathematical models
Real signals and their mathematical continuous-time models. Basic signal operations (time scaling, flipping, time shifting translation, time shifting translation and flipping, convolution, correlation). Signal classification, unit impulse, unit step, harmonic signal. Real systems with continuous- and discrete-time. Dynamic system, its input and output, status. Linear time-invariant system. Impulse response. Response of LTI system using convolution, superposition.
2. Periodic signals and their spectrum
Function substitution by functional series. Periodic continuous-time signal, harmonic signal and its representation by phasors. Periodic and harmonic discrete-time signals. Fourier series, spectrum of periodic rectangular pulses, spectrum theorems.
3. Fourier representation of aperiodic continuous-time signals
Definition of the Fourier transform of aperiodic continuous-time signals. Spectra of selected signals. Spectrum theorems. Definition of the inverse Fourier transform. The inverse Fourier transform of rectangular spectral impulse. Relationship between the Fourier series and the Fourier transform.
4. Continuous-time systems
The characteristics of a linear time-invariant (non-parametric) system (frequency response, hodograf). System transfer function, zero-pole plot. Ideal transfer circuit. Frequency filters. Non-linear systems. Superheterodyne.
5. Sampling of continuous-time signals
Ideal sampling of continuous-time signal and its reconstruction. Sampling theorem. Amplitude quantization. A/D and D/A conversions. Aliasing. Sampling of bandpass signals.
6. Discrete-time signals
Discrete time axis. Basic discrete signals. Signal theorems. Discrete linear, periodic and circular convolutions. Using FFT for convolution calculation.
7. Fourier transform of discrete-time signals.
The discrete Fourier series and the discrete Fourier transform. The fast Fourier transform (FFT). Decimation-in-Time (DIT) and Decimation-in-Frequency (DIF) algorithms, FFT algorithm properties.
8. Z transform and its properties
Definition of the Z transform and its properties. The inverse Z transform and its calculation. The relationship between the Z transform and the discrete Fourier transform.
9. Modulation signals in base-band and transition-band
Communication system and its properties, modulation and transmission rates, spectrum of communication channel. Amplitude, frequency, and phase analog modulations and their spectra. Digital modulations.
10. Stochastic variables and processes and their properties
Continuous and discrete time variables. Definition of stochastic processes with continuous- and discrete-time and their representations. Cumulative distribution function, probability density function. Moments (mean, variance, standard deviation, etc.). Stationarity and ergodicity.
11. Power spectral density and its calculation
Power spectral density of continuous- and discrete-time stochastic processes. Periodogram, using FFT for its calculation. White noise. Processing of stochastic signal by linear system. Non-parametric and parametric models.
12. Discrete-time systems
Linear time-invariant discrete system, impulse response. System transfer function, frequency response, zero-pole plot. Systems of the type of IIR and FIR. Connection of LTI systems. Series, parallel and feedback connections of partial sections.
13. Realization of LTI discrete system
Design of LTI discrete system based on analog prototype. Structures of realization. Mason’s gain rule. Implementation of LTI system on microprocessor. Calculation of frequency response based on time responses.

Učební cíle

The aim of the course is to acquaint students with one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) signals and systems with continuous-time signals and discrete-time systems with pulse and digital signals and systems. It is also necessary to introduce the concept of spectrum 1D and 2D signals and emphasize its difference from the frequency characteristics of 1D and 2D system. Consequently, the aim is to provide students with basic information about random signals and their impact on systems bring analog and digital modulation and define description of the characteristics of communication systems.

Vymezení kontrolované výuky a způsob jejího provádění a formy nahrazování zameškané výuky

The content and forms of instruction in the evaluated course are specified by a regulation issued by the lecturer responsible for the course and updated for every academic year.

Základní literatura

MITRA, S. K. Digital signal procesing. A computer-base approach. 1. vyd. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, 1998
OPPENHEIM, A. V., WILLSKY, A. S. Signals and Systems. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1997
SMÉKAL, Z.: Signals and Systems Analysis for joint teaching programme of BUT and VSB-TUO

Zařazení předmětu ve studijních plánech

  • Program EEKR-BC bakalářský

    obor BC-MET , 2. ročník, zimní semestr, povinný
    obor BC-TLI , 2. ročník, zimní semestr, povinný

Typ (způsob) výuky

 

Přednáška

39 hod., nepovinná

Vyučující / Lektor

Osnova

Řečové, datové a obrazové signály. Signál jako funkce času a kmitočtu. Základní operace se signály. Harmonický signál.
Periodické signály v technické praxi. Výpočet spektra periodických obdélníkových impulsů. Poučky o spektrech.
Fyzikální náhled na Fourierovu transformaci. Základní vlastnosti. Spektrální funkce vybraných signálů.
Kmitočtové charakteristiky lineárního neparametrického systému. Ideální přenosový článek. Kmitočtový filtr. Přenosová funkce v Laplaceově transformaci.
Signály jako náhodné procesy. Hustota rozdělení, střední hodnota, rozptyl. Stacionarita a ergodicita. Korelace.
Ideální vzorkování, rekonstrukce signálu ze vzorků. Signály s diskrétním časem. Normovaný čas, normovaný kmitočet.
Operace s diskrétními signály. Diskrétní Fourierova řada. Informace obsažená v prvcích obrazu.
Diskrétní Fourierova transformace. Vlastnosti, příklady. FT diskrétního signálu. Použití DFT. Princip FFT.
Náhodné signály s diskrétním časem.Příklady, počítačové modelování a jeho aplikace. Spektrální hustota výkonu.
Systémy s diskrétním časem. Prvky diskrétních systémů LTI. Charakteristiky, přenos. Příklady.
Sdělovací soustava a její charakteristiky. Signály pro přenos dat v základním pásmu.
Modulace AM, FM a PM. Vlastnosti modulačních systémů, jejich použití v praxi, porovnání.
Signály a soustavy pro přenos dat v přeloženém pásmu. BPSK, QPSK. Signály mnohokanálových soustav.

Cvičení odborného základu

13 hod., nepovinná

Vyučující / Lektor

Osnova

Základní parametry signálu.
Fourierova řada v komplexním tvaru.
Fourierova transformace a její vlastnosti.
Náhodné procesy se spojitým časem. Vzorkování a kvantování.
Diskrétní Fourierova transformace.
Modulace.

Laboratorní cvičení

13 hod., povinná

Vyučující / Lektor

Osnova

Seznámení s laboratoří. Bezpečnost práce, obsluha přístrojů.
Spektra periodických signálů.
Amplitudová a kmitočtová modulace (časové průběhy a spektra). Náhodné procesy (analýza).
Vzorkování.
Číslicové zpracování signálu (zpracování signálu z mikrofonu).
Kmitočtové charakteristiky systémů s diskrétním
časem.