During the last years, magnetic materials and nanostructures have been intensively studied for their applications in recording media and logic circuits. This work follows our ongoing research in this field and mainly focuses on the static and dynamic properties of nanostructured materials, e.g., NiFe, CoFeB, and YIG. The thesis starts with a theoretical introduction showing the basic description of micromagnetic systems, ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), and spin-waves, including the mathematical description of spin-wave dispersion relations. This is followed by the description of experimental methods. Then we present the first experimental part concerning the nucleation process of magnetic vortices, i.e., the transition from the saturated state into the vortex spin configuration while decreasing the magnetic field. Magnetic imaging methods are used, namely Lorentz transmission electron microscopy and magnetic transmission X-ray microscopy. The results are correlated with electrical detection using the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect. The advantage of electrical measurements is their potential integrability into the microprocessor circuitry. In the results, we report that this process in nanometer- and micrometer-sized magnetic disks undergoes several phases with distinct spin configurations called the nucleation states. Moreover, we introduce the analysis of magnetic materials using a vector network analyzer (VNA), which is applied to the measurement of magnetic vortex resonance (evaluation of the gyrotropic frequency and the high-frequency modes as well), the ferromagnetic resonance of thin layers (extraction of basic magnetic material parameters), and propagating spin-wave spectroscopy (PSWS). Spin-wave spectroscopy is further developed to measure the dispersion relations of thin magnetic layers, which can serve as an essential characteristic used in the design of devices. Finally, we show a concept of an antenna device, separating the magnetic excitation from the sample itself, providing no need for electron lithography processes of the antenna fabrication onto the sample. This device has the form of a glass cantilever, on which the excitation antenna is fabricated, a connector, and a coupler. It is then placed on a tilt equipped x-y-z stage, and therefore it provides positionability to any place on the measured sample. The use of glass as the cantilever material enables navigation using a microscope and enables the use of optical detection methods, e.g., Brillouin light scattering (BLS) or Kerr effect.