In the course, basics of propositional and predicate logic will be
presented. At the beginning, the necessity of the requirement of
exactness when studying formal systems will be demonstrated by using
logic and semantic paradoxes. Then syntax and semantics of the classical
propositional logic will be discussed. We will use both the classical
approach based on using strings of symbols and the approach based on
graph theory (and using trees). In the second part of the course,
predicate logic will be studied, both from the viewpoint of syntax and
semantics. It will be shown that mathematical logic, which forms the basis
of mathematical reasoning, plays an important role also in other
disciplines, e.g. in computer science.