Publication detail

Extended Higher-Order Elements with Frequency-Doubled Parameters: The Hysteresis Loops Are Always of Type II

BIOLEK, Z. BIOLEK, D. BIOLKOVÁ, V. KOLKA, Z.

Original Title

Extended Higher-Order Elements with Frequency-Doubled Parameters: The Hysteresis Loops Are Always of Type II

Type

journal article in Web of Science

Language

English

Original Abstract

Current MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) can be modeled by state-dependent elements that exhibit hysteretic behavior. Examples include capacitors and inductors whose capacitances and inductances are dependent on the instantaneous state of the electromechanical system, resistors whose resistances exhibit temperature changes when the elements are actually heated, etc. Regardless of the physical background, such hysteresis manifestations can be studied uniformly in the broader framework of generic and extended higher-order elements, in which a classification of hysteretic loops into types I and II is established. The loop type is an important dynamical parameter of an element, having the potential to indicate, for example, its (in)volatility. Thus far, there is no reliable criterion to determine the type of steady loop from the defining relations of an element. This work reports on one special class of extended elements that produces type II loops under all circumstances. The paper presents hitherto unpublished connections between the frequency-doubling parameters of an element and the type of its hysteresis loop. The new findings are expressed by several theorems that allow the type of hysteresis to be inferred from the frequency behavior of the element parameter or state, and vice versa. These procedures are demonstrated with examples and verified by computer simulations.

Keywords

higher-order element; extended element; generic element; pinched hysteresis loop

Authors

BIOLEK, Z.; BIOLEK, D.; BIOLKOVÁ, V.; KOLKA, Z.

Released

15. 8. 2023

Publisher

MDPI

Location

BASEL

ISBN

1424-8220

Periodical

SENSORS

Year of study

23

Number

16

State

Swiss Confederation

Pages from

1

Pages to

21

Pages count

21

URL

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/16/7179

Full text in the Digital Library

http://hdl.handle.net/11012/245042

BibTex

@article{BUT184622,
  author="Zdeněk {Biolek} and Dalibor {Biolek} and Viera {Biolková} and Zdeněk {Kolka}",
  title="Extended Higher-Order Elements with Frequency-Doubled Parameters: The Hysteresis Loops Are Always of Type II",
  journal="SENSORS",
  year="2023",
  volume="23",
  number="16",
  pages="21",
  doi="10.3390/s23167179",
  issn="1424-8220",
  url="https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/16/7179"
}