Special analog multipliers in voltage-controlled oscillator and phase-locked loop-based FM demodulator for measurement and processing of sensed low-frequency signals

journal article in Web of Science

English

The processing of low-frequency slowly varying signals (e.g. nonelectrical signals measured by sensors) in on-chip signal processing systems is not an easy task due to using of AC coupling between the parts of integrated components (e.g. very large and on-chip nonproductive values of coupling capacity required for separation of the DC component of a signal). One of the solutions to overcome this issue immediately at the input site is to transpose such low-frequency signals to higher frequency bands, for instance, based on the principle of frequency modulation/demodulation (FM) spectral transposition (higher frequency of the processed signal means lower value of coupling capacity). This paper focuses on the improvement of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) for phase-locked loop (PLL) based FM demodulator for processing and measurement of signals with slow changes. There is introduced a novel concept of adjustability of the oscillation condition performed by a special analog multiplier. It brings reduction of complexity of the resulting topology and the designed oscillator operates with linearly adjustable (by DC voltage) frequency range of one decade from 4 kHz up to 43 kHz. This VCO is applied in a demodulator of FM modulated waveforms based on PLL methodology employing the same active cells (integrated multipliers and buffers). The proposed and realized concept is suitable for specific low-frequency applications and the presented example improves propagation of low-frequency signals of mechanical vibrations and biomedical signals through signal-processing systems integrated on chip (e.g. a sensed electrocardiogram wave) where fabrication of large coupling capacity values on chip represents significant issue. Active cells fabricated in ON Semiconductor 0.35 mu m I3T25 3.3 V process were used for experimental verification.

Analogue multiplier; DC components; Large chips; Low-frequency signals; Lower frequencies; Modulation-demodulation; On chips; On-chip signals; Signal processing systems; Voltage-controlled-oscillator

ŠOTNER, R.; JEŘÁBEK, J.; POLÁK, L.; PROKOP, R.; KLEDROWETZ, V.; THEUMER, R.; LANGHAMMER, L.

9. 9. 2022

Elsevier

THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND

0263-2241

MEASUREMENT, Journal of the International Measurement Confederation (IMEKO)

201

9

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

1

17

17

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263224122009393