Detail publikace

Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia in Marathon Runners

KLINGERT, M. NIKOLAIDIS, PT WEISS, K THUANY, M. CHLÍBKOVÁ, D. KNECHTLE, B

Originální název

Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia in Marathon Runners

Typ

článek v časopise ve Web of Science, Jimp

Jazyk

angličtina

Originální abstrakt

Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) was first described as water intoxication by Noakes et al. in 1985 and has become an important topic linked to several pathological conditions. However, despite progressive research, neurological disorders and even deaths due to hyponatremic encephalopathy continue to occur. Therefore, and due to the growing popularity of exercise-associated hyponatremia, this topic is of great importance for marathon runners and all professionals involved in runners' training (e.g., coaches, medical staff, nutritionists, and trainers). The present narrative review sought to evaluate the prevalence of EAH among marathon runners and to identify associated etiological and risk factors. Furthermore, the aim was to derive preventive and therapeutic action plans for marathon runners based on current evidence. The search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar using a predefined search algorithm by aggregating multiple terms (marathon run; exercise; sport; EAH; electrolyte disorder; fluid balance; dehydration; sodium concentration; hyponatremia). By this criterion, 135 articles were considered for the present study. Our results revealed that a complex interaction of different factors could cause EAH, which can be differentiated into event-related (high temperatures) and person-related (female sex) risk factors. There is variation in the reported prevalence of EAH, and two major studies indicated an incidence ranging from 7 to 15% for symptomatic and asymptomatic EAH. Athletes and coaches must be aware of EAH and its related problems and take appropriate measures for both training and competition. Coaches need to educate their athletes about the early symptoms of EAH to intervene at the earliest possible stage. In addition, individual hydration strategies need to be developed for the daily training routine, ideally in regard to sweat rate and salt losses via sweat. Future studies need to investigate the correlation between the risk factors of EAH and specific subgroups of marathon runners.

Klíčová slova

epidemiology; exercise; hyponatremia; marathon; review; risk factors; runners; sports medicine

Autoři

KLINGERT, M.; NIKOLAIDIS, PT; WEISS, K; THUANY, M.; CHLÍBKOVÁ, D.; KNECHTLE, B

Vydáno

16. 11. 2022

Nakladatel

MDPI

Místo

Švýcarsko

ISSN

2077-0383

Periodikum

Journal of Clinical Medicine

Ročník

11:6775

Číslo

22

Stát

Švýcarská konfederace

Strany od

1

Strany do

22

Strany počet

22

URL

https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226775

BibTex

@article{BUT180224,
  author="KLINGERT, M. and NIKOLAIDIS, PT and WEISS, K and THUANY, M. and CHLÍBKOVÁ, D. and KNECHTLE, B",
  title="Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia in Marathon Runners",
  journal="Journal of Clinical Medicine",
  year="2022",
  volume="11:6775",
  number="22",
  pages="22",
  doi="10.3390/jcm11226775",
  issn="2077-0383",
  url="https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226775"
}