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Original title in Czech: Konstrukční a procesní inženýrstvíFSIAbbreviation: D-KPIAcad. year: 2017/2018Specialisation: Process Engineeing
Programme: Machines and Equipment
Length of Study: 4 years
Accredited from: 1.1.1999Accredited until: 31.12.2020
Profile
Design and Process Engineering · Designing, construction, calculation, technology of manufacturing, technical preparation of manufacturing including assembly and testing, · Thermal and nuclear power plant devices such as steam and combustion turbines, steam generators, steam power plants and heating plants including nuclear power stations, industrial power engineering and their environmental aspects, · Water turbines, hydrodynamic and hydrostatic pumps, piping systems, hydroelectric power plants, and pumping stations, · Machinary and devices for chemical industry, food-stuff industry, and biotechnological treatment lines, · Construction, modelling and theoretical studies of machines and devices for cutting, forming machines, industrial robots, and manipulators, · Machine parts and mechanisms, methodology of designing machine elements and working mechanisms of general application with consideration of stochastic qualities of inputs, including the application of special types of machines and devices, · Cars, vans and lorries, buses, trailers, semi-trailers, and motorcycles, · Combustion engines for all types of vehicle drives, simulation of combustion engine thermomechanical systems, dynamics of driving gear, engine accessories, ecology, · Machines and devices for in-plant handling of material and handling between operations, for the mining and transport of building materials, for passenger conveyance in buildings, · Aerodynamic calculation and designing, flight mechanics, fatigue and durability of aircraft constructions, aeroelasticity of aircraft, · Quality of machine industry production.
Guarantor
prof. Ing. Václav Píštěk, DrSc.
Issued topics of Doctoral Study Program
The work will be focused on computational modelling and analysis of flow and distribution of process fluids in process equipment. The purpose is to perform analytical and complex multidimensional modelling and analysis of the fluid flow distribution problematics and flow behaviour of process fluids (incompressible and compressible) in selected design types of process equipment for identification and formulation of design principles to achieve a uniform fluid flow distribution in the equipment. Work will be continuing the current research and development results achieved in this area at the Institute of process engineering. Work will present also discussion and formulation of observations, conclusions, recommendations, and equations to accuracy improvement of current computational design techniques for fluid flow distribution analysis in process equipment. The work will include in selected cases also confrontation of calculated values with results of operating measurement or experimental verification of analysed equipment, especially particularly values of performance parameters and pressure drops.
Tutor: Jegla Zdeněk, doc. Ing., Ph.D.
This thesis is focused on the needs of an industrial company or a municipal building to reduce energy consumption. Typically these include energy systems with an electric or heat output in the range of tens of kW or MW. The potential for reducing consumption of primary energy resources is significant in this area. From the perspective of energy systems operators, the selection and implementation of specific energy saving measures is a major issue. The availability of effective procedures is very limited. Among the most popular practical methods for savings are Energy Management System (EM) and Energy Performance Contracting (EPC). The main part of these methods is always an energy audit. Various technologies and processes are a part of an industrial company's energy systems, which require high professional specialization. Any attempt for the most efficient operation in this field can be labelled as R&D activities and are usually outside the scope of the above-mentioned methods. The outcome of this work should be a set of procedures and tools which will lead to an effective solution for energy saving projects. Two important trends can be found in the literature; energy performance evaluation through detailed analysis of operational data and a broader usage of mathematical modelling with an impact on control systems. These are the main areas which the work will deal with. The aims to be achieved: - introductory research: efficiency of heat sources; heat, electricity, water and compressed air consumption in industry; process integration; an analysis of selected operating parameters; heat transfer and heat loss, available methods for energy efficiency projects - acquisition and analysis of experimental data with a focus on energy production and consumption in industrial and municipal areas, - modelling and simulation of selected systems to optimize energy consumption, - proposal of efficient instruments and procedures for complex energy saving projects in industrial and municipal areas - the application of the proposed instruments and procedures for optimizing a chosen system (case study)
Tutor: Máša Vítězslav, doc. Ing., Ph.D.
The work will be focused on the collection of highly reliable and accurate data from laboratory experiments at a large-scale combustion facility for burners up to 2 MW. The work will include error analysis, statistical data analysis and data processing, designed to support advanced combustion simulations. Attention will be directed also towards the design and construction of experimental equipment and measurement techniques, precise process control and monitoring of operating conditions in experimental combustion research. The flow in modern burners with low NOx emissions has a complex structure with a significant tangential velocity component and its experimental analysis is highly important for the validation of numerical models. It is an area of key importance for the design of gas and liquid burners, fired heaters and combustion chambers in a range of industries, mainly in petro-chemistry and power production.
Tutor: Hájek Jiří, doc. Ing., Ph.D.
Heat recovery system in units for waste-to-energy plants (WtE plants) can be without any doubts considered as one of the most important parts of processes like these. Heat exchangers are very important part of energy recovery system of WtE plants and selection of suitable types of heat exchangers represents primary importance in design of these systems. It is necessary to perform the design of heat exchangers with maximum degree of compactness in relation to process parameters like temperature, composition of process fluids, proximity to fouling and potential operational problems. Proper design of individual key pieces of equipment and convenient technology selection is an integral part of a complex approach.
Tutor: Klemeš Jiří, prof. Ing. Dr. habil., DrSc., dr. h. c.
A comprehensive state-of-the-art analysis in the following areas and their combinations: Heat Integration, Water Integration, Supply Chains, Integration and utilisation of renewables and waste-based energy and products, investment roadmaps (for new or retrofit projects), Optimal Process Operation. The approach to be followed will consist of thorough research of the available literature, combined with internal workshops as well as with workshops with the international partners of the centre at dedicated venues or international conferences. The analysis scope in the engineering part will encompass journal articles, conference papers, books, as well as patents and existing computational and design tools. The scope within the application domain will include the identification of the various actors and the most significant activities, products and services involved in the mentioned areas. These will be used as the basis for revealing the life cycles for each identified activity, product or service.
Thesis is focused on the design of process equipment, especially heat exchangers, pressure vessels, condensers, and others. In the conventionally performed calculations the design uncertainties will be analyzed in relation to the methods commonly used. Motivation for the advanced designs of these equipment are usually potential economical savings. To achieve these, it is necessary to propose approaches or methodology for designing these equipment on the basis of detailed knowledge of the structural response of the equipment with respect to legislation requirements. Particular attention will be paid to devices under specific operating conditions causing uneven structural responses, when their design is not covered by analytical approach within normative codes. For these cases it is possible to use design by analysis. The thesis will discuss the approach of the design based on stress categories method and design according to limit states. The results of the work are crucial to achieving competitive device designs in achieving safety that is key to these devices.
Development of the methodology for further minimisation of Greenhouse gas footprints (including the carbon footprints). This will build upon the knowledge developed energy efficiency and water efficiency in the previous four topics. The footprint components will be described and the inherent interactions among the components and the underlying system factors will be investigated. A hierarchy of measures will be formulated, similar to the well-known waste management hierarchy, to enable footprint minimisation at minimal costs and minimal influence on other footprints. Further, the system models will be evaluated and improved for revealing the significant interaction pathways within the process networks and the associated degrees of freedom linked to the costs and footprints via the pathways. The accumulated knowledge will be used then to formulate the relevant procedures and engineering tools for improving the footprint performance of new and existing system designs.
The research will include revealing the nature of Nitrogen footprint, the main factors causing it, followed by the interaction with Greenhouse gas footprint. The efforts will be directed at building efficient and adequate models for describing the formation of the footprints, their relationship to system costs, revenues and profits. This will be followed by the identification of the main factors (degrees of freedom) and the network paths linking them to the costs and footprints, then the procedures for system performance targeting and optimisation will be developed.
Study and suggestion for minimisation of virtual footprints – including GHG, Nitrogen and Water footprints. The virtual footprint concepts will be revisited and thoroughly formulated on a solid conceptual basis. The main problem classes, life cycle stages and objects involved will be investigated.
Development of the methodology for minimisation of Water footprints (specified as blue, green and grey footprints). The main principle to be applied will be again the hierarchy of measures starting with the least costly ones. The research will aim at providing a complete tool set treating new design, operational optimisation and retrofit problems. Models linking degrees of freedom to the footprints and process economy will be formulated and used in the optimisation procedures.
Extending the methodology into power (electricity) Total Site and Regional Integration. The research in the area has been started recently and already has the underlying basic concepts formulated followed by several examples. The planned developments include the formulation of a comprehensive conceptual base combined with a tool set for optimal system design and sizing, operational optimisation and retrofit of existing systems. For the moment, the existing research covers mainly the temporal dimension and power management, with elements of facility sizing. It needs the further development of the spatial dimension on integration on level of regions.
Study and suggestions for reduction of the environmental impact of energy and water flows. This will be a follow-up research after the virtual footprints. It will be focused on revealing the complete life cycles of the various energy and water flows on a global basis, further analysing the stages and the environmental impact contributions of each stage, followed by the aggregate environmental impact assessment and the analysis of the possible measures for reducing the impact based on the various stage contributions.
Extending and developing advanced procedures and tools for optimal utility operational planning to maximise the utility system efficiency and maximum capacity/investment utilisation. The main issues for this topic are obtaining reliable utility demand forecasts and the operational characteristics of the utility system components – such as boilers, gas and steam turbines, letdown stations, cooling towers, as well as the components of the water utility part. The research will further analyse and optimise the operational schedules for the required relevant time scales to minimise the operation cost and environmental impact gauged by the relevant footprints (greenhouse gas, water, nitrogen, etc.). Storage of energy carriers, water and intermediate materials will be researched for maximising the efficiency under uncertain variations of the supply of resources and the demand for utilities.
The work will be focused on the analysis and modelling of phenomena occuring in rotary drum dryers and kilns. The work will include performing of experiments, statistical data analysis and data processing, designed to validate simulation models. Attention will be directed also towards the design and construction of experimental equipment and measurement techniques, precise process control and monitoring of operating conditions. Modelling of the processes in rotary drum dryers and kilns is closely related and thus the aim of the work will be a universal model for these units.
Heat and mass transport in porous media is present in a range of practical processes – from lime burning, through catalytic reactors and grate combustion, to the drying of porous materials. Modelling of these processes is therefore a practical tool for the design and analysis of a number of widely used devices. In this work, the student will develop and implement a simulation tool for the modelling of processes and equipment, where heat and mass transport in porous media plays a key role. Existing computational methods will be further developed and adapted to concrete processes and equipment.
Extending and developing an advanced methodology for Total Site and regional integration methodology for thermal energy. The methodology extension will involve research and development activities in two dimensions. The first one is concerned with the development of the full tools set for each of the sub-areas: conceptual basis, modelling, simulation, performance targeting, optimal design of new systems, operational optimisation, and optimal retrofit. The second dimension of the activities aims at scaling up the principles and the procedures used for Process Integration at the process and site level to be used at municipal and regional levels. The latter involves a strong spatial development component and reinforced financial management component compared to the process and site levels.
Extending the methodology into power (electricity) Total Site and Regional Integration. The research in the area has been started recently and already has the underlying basic concepts formulated followed by several simple examples. The planned developments include the formulation of a comprehensive conceptual base combined with a tool set for optimal system design and sizing, operational optimisation and retrofit of existing systems. For the moment the existing research covers mainly the temporal dimension and power management, with elements of facility sizing. It needs the development of the spatial dimension.
Extending the methodology into water and waste water minimisation and water and energy minimisation. So far, these methods have been mainly developed at the levels of single processes. There are apparent benefits from extending them to the site level and applying the same material and energy exchange architecture as for energy in Total Site Integration. The approach to develop should include development of unified performance indicators based on thermodynamics, as well as targeting design and retrofit procedures based on those, relating this development to the current energy-only Utility System model. The retrofit of existing water systems will be covered next, completing the tool set for this field of research and making it available further to industrial partners. Another important part of the research on this topic includes the link of the research to the other Centre topics. For instance, the thermal dimension of waste water can be linked to the “Industry Interaction Interfaces” in item 2.a, while many of the organic contaminants in waste water streams can contain valuable components for extraction and reuse as well as waste materials for applying waste-to-energy – especially fermentation or anaerobic digestion.
Study plan wasn't generated yet for this year.