Course detail

Colloid and Surface Chemistry

FSI-9KPCAcad. year: 2019/2020

The course covers the fundamentals of colloid and surface science, including types of colloids and colloidal phenomena; the topics of the course: van der Waals Forces, electrical double layer, electrokinetic phenomena-electrophoresis, electrostatic and polymer-induced colloid stability, rheology of dispersion, surface tension and contact angle and adsorption from solution and monolayer formation.

Language of instruction

Czech

Number of ECTS credits

2

Learning outcomes of the course unit

The course will provide students with the basic physico-chemical knowledge needed for experimental study in the field of material synthesis, material shaping and properties of non-metallic materials in particular for doctoral study of material and physical engineering.

Prerequisites

Knowledge of material sciences and engineering at Masters level.

Co-requisites

Not applicable.

Planned learning activities and teaching methods

The course is taught through lectures explaining the basic principles and theory of the discipline.

Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes

The examination evaluating theoretical knowledge and its practical application will take the form of a 30-minute presentation with a discussion on colloidal and surface chemistry topics related to the doctoral dissertation.

Course curriculum

Not applicable.

Work placements

Not applicable.

Aims

The course will provide students with the basic physico-chemical knowledge required for experimental study in the field of inorganic colloids and the surface behavior of inorganic particles.

Specification of controlled education, way of implementation and compensation for absences

The course will take place according to the number of candidates through consultations or lectures. At the end of the course the doctoral student will prepare a thematic presentation from the field of coloidal and surface chemistry.

Recommended optional programme components

Not applicable.

Prerequisites and corequisites

Not applicable.

Basic literature

P.C. Hiemenz, R. Rajagopalan: Principles of colloid and surface chemistry, Marcel Dekker, New York 1997 (EN)
R.J. Hunter: Foundations of Colloid Science, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2001 (EN)
C. W. Macosko: Rheology, Principles, measurements, and applications, WCH, Weinheim 1994 (EN)

Recommended reading

Not applicable.

Type of course unit

 

Lecture

20 hours, optionally

Teacher / Lecturer

Syllabus

1. van der Waals Forces (vdwf)
- clasification of van der Waals Forces (London, Keeson, Debey interactions)
- attractive and repulsive forces – potential Energy curves, molecular interactions and power laws
- molecular origins of vdwf
- vdwf between large particles (and /or large bodies) Hamaker constant, measurement of vdwf
- effect of the medium on vdwf (effactive and negative Hamaker constant)

2. Electrical double layer (edl)
- surface charges and edl (charges of a surface, capacitor model of edl)
- diffuse double layer – Debey - Hűckel approximation (Poisson equation, potentil distribution near planar surface and around spherical surfaces, D-H parametr - K´, capacitor and diffuse models comparison)
- electrical double layer: Gauy - Chapman theory (C-Ch equation and its variations)
- overlapping double layers and interparticle repulsion (repulsion between spherical double layers)
- Stern adsorption (influence of nonindiferent electrolytes on double layer)

3. Electrokinete phenomena - electrophoresis
- mobilites of small ions and marcoins in electric field
- zeta potential (ZP): thick double layer (potential around spherical particle zeta - potential, electrophorete mobility (EPM) and Hűckel equation)
- zeta potential: thin double layer (Helmotz-Smoluckowski equation and EPM)
- zeta potential: general theory for spherical particles (Henryś equation, double-layer relaxation)
- electroosmosis and streaming potential
- viscoelectic affect and its influence on ZP and EPM
- applications of electrokinetic phenomena (colloid stability, eletrophoretic deposition)

4. Electrostatic and Polymer- induced colloid stability
- interparticle forces and the structure and stability of dispersion stability of dispersions (strong repulsion, strong attraction, intermediate situation, modelling)
- Darjuguin-London-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory of colloid stability (effect of Hamaker constant and eletrolyte concentration, critical coagulition concentration)
- theory of coagutation in dilute dispersion (stability ratio, topid and slow coagulation)
- polymer-colloid mixtures: stabilisation and florculation, interraction between polymer-coated particles
- Polymer-induced forces: repulsive and attractive forces due to polymers, steric stabilisation

5. Rheology of dispersion
- Newton´s low of viscosity
- viscometers: concentric-cylinder, cone-and-plate, capillary (Poiseville flow)
- Navier-Stokes equation
- Einstein´s theory of viscosity of dipersions
- Deviations from the Einstein model (effect of high volume fractions, effects of solvation and shopes, eletroviscous effects and viscoelectric effects)
- Non-newtonian behavior (Bingham platics, thixotropic, rheopactic, electroviscous effects)
- viscosity of polymer solutions (Standinger-Mark-Houwink equation)

6. Surface tension and contact angle
- surface tension ond surface free energy
- surface tension and capillarity: Laplac´s equation
- curved interface and phase equilibria: Kelvin equation
- relation between surface tension and contact angle: Young equation
- contact of liquids with porous solids (porosimetry)

7. Adsorption from solution and monolayer formation
- thermodynamics of adsorption from solution: Gibbs equation
- adsorption on solid surface: Langmuir equation
- adsorption in the presense of an applied potential (electrocapillarity, Lippmann equation)