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Original title in Czech: Fyzikální a materiálové inženýrstvíFSIAbbreviation: D-FMIAcad. year: 2015/2016Specialisation: Physical Engineering
Programme: Physical and Materials Engineering
Length of Study: 4 years
Accredited from: Accredited until: 31.12.2020
Profile
The curriculum concentrates on the comprehensive study of materials properties and failure processes from the point of view of physics and physical metallurgy. Students should develop capability to apply their knowledge in inventive manner to new technologies and materials, such as plasma spraying, special methods of thermo-mechanical and thermo-chemical treatment, etc. Special attention is paid to the degradation processes and to the synergetic effects of various materials properties on material failure. The subjects of study are metallic and non-metallic materials, e.g., structural ceramics, polymers, amorphous and nanocrystalline materials and intermetallics. The Ph.D. programme requires proficiency in mathematics and physics at the MSc. degree level obtained from Faculty of Science or Faculty of Mechanical Engineering.
Guarantor
prof. RNDr. Miroslav Liška, DrSc.
Issued topics of Doctoral Study Program
Calculation of the aberration coefficients using aberration integrals and using tracing. Derivation of the aberration integrals for higher order aberrations and aberrations caused by misalignment of electron optical parts. Determination of possibilities of correction of aberrations using deflectors and stigmators
Tutor: Lencová Bohumila, prof. RNDr., CSc.
The LIBS technique utilizes the high power-densities obtained by focusing the radiation from a pulsed laser to generate in the focal region a luminous micro-plasma from an analyte. The micro-plasma emission is subsequently analyzed by spectrometer. The plasma composition is representative to the analyte's elemental composition. LIBS allows to reach high spatial (limited by the size of the laser beam diameter) and depth resolution (in the range of about some tens of nanometers). Detection limits are in the range of few tens particles per million. In the frame of the dissertation work remote-LIBS technique will be applied for selected industrial and biological samples.
Tutor: Kaiser Jozef, prof. Ing., Ph.D.
By using Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) information on local electronic properties (e. g. surface potential, work function) of two-dimensional nanostructures can be obtained. This information can be used for understanding of physical principles, design, sensitivity/effectivity improvement of solar cells and sensors based on the 2D nanostructures. In the project, the Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy will be used e. g. for study of p-n junction in solar cells and charge transport observation in sensors based on graphene.
Tutor: Kalousek Radek, doc. Ing., Ph.D.
The LIBS technique utilizes the high power-densities obtained by focusing the radiation from a pulsed laser to generate in the focal region a luminous micro-plasma from an analyte. The micro-plasma emission is subsequently analyzed by spectrometer. The plasma composition is representative to the analyte's elemental composition. LIBS allows to reach high spatial (limited by the size of the laser beam diameter) and depth resolution (in the range of about some tens of nanometers). Detection limits are in the range of few tens ppm; for several elements even lower limits could be realized combining LIBS and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) techniques. In the dissertation work the automatization of the LIBS and LIBS+LIFS setups will be addressed. A computer code should be worked out for controlling all equipments and allowing automatic 2D and quasi-3D analysis of sample chemical composition. The function of automatized setups will be verified on selected samples.
Force interaction between light and microparticle/nanoparticle has been studied on the labs for almost 45 years. However, in majority of cases the attention has been only paid to spherical objects. In the last few years the effort is focused on non-spherical dielectric or metal particles or structures. Besides the transfer of linear momentum from the light upon the object, the angular momentum momentum is transferred as well and leads to object rotation. With the progress in the technology of spatial phase modulators of light it is now possible to dynamically change the spatial distribution of laser beam intensity and phase and thus control the behavior of non-spherical objects. Besides optical forces and torques the objects are under the influence of fluid convection, due to neighboring rotating objects (so called hydrodynamic interaction), and thermodiffusion, caused by temperature gradients in the object vicinity. Especially in the case of absorbing objects these types of interaction are intensively studied with the goal to get a contactless tool to self-arrange objects into spatial structures by light. The main goal of the proposed PhD thesis will be to run experiments with non-spherical microparticles, manufactured for example by photopolymerization, with metal nanoparticles or structures and to study their motional and spectral response to illumination with structured laser beams. The PhD student is expected to perform the experiments, analysed and interpret the results. The Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS will provide all material conditions for this work for 4 years, has 20 year history in optical micromanipulation techniques, collaborates with a number of laboratories around the world and belongs to the forefront laboratories in the world in this area. The activities will be financially supported by the Czech Science Agency and Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport.
Tutor: Zemánek Pavel, prof. RNDr., Ph.D.
The aim of the work will be research of non-standard imaging modes provided by coherence-controlled holographic microscopy and their application especially for observation in optically turbid media.
Tutor: Chmelík Radim, prof. RNDr., Ph.D.
In electron optics when designing electron optical systems consisting from round and quadrupole lenses, their individual optical properties must be known to determine the behavior of given system or to optimize it to fulfill given conditions (position of image, magnification, image rotation, imaging aberrations and aberrations due to misalignment). First investigate the properties of several geometries of lenses (focal distance, aberrations) and their dependence ond their excitation, and try to find their most suitable expression for interpolation between excitations. For more complex systems with more individual lenses develop methods for computation and optimization of systems. Study dependence of optical parameters of lenses with different geometry on exctitation and find the best statment to interpolate data. Develop methodology of calculation of properties in case of complex optical systems.
Development of the elements of SPM and its application in the field of surfaces, thin films and nanostructures. A possibility of incorporation of the microscope or its individual components into SEM or other microscopid techniques.
Tutor: Spousta Jiří, prof. RNDr., Ph.D.
Development of the control unit of piezoceramic annomanipulators and actuators. These elements will be used as a part of SPM or measuring or litografic stages.
Design of electrostatic deflection and correction systems. In electron beam lithography it is necessary to use dynamic focusing and dynamic stigmators to correct the aberrations of deflection system for obtaining an optimum shape of spots. The aim of the thesis is to study the dynamic correctors and to design an optical system for electron beam lithography.
Experimental study of the angular intensity distribution of light scattered from single thin films and multilayers by ARS (Angle-resolved scattering) method.
Tutor: Ohlídal Miloslav, prof. RNDr., CSc.
Study of GaN nanostructures: - fabrication of GaN nanostructures (ultratin films, nanocrystals and nanofibres) by atom/ion beams and other methods, - characterization of composition and structure of GaN products, - measurement of optical properties (potoluminiscence) of GaN nanostructures.
Tutor: Čechal Jan, prof. Ing., Ph.D.
- Study of local anodic oxidation (LAO) by AFM. - Application of AFM in fabrication of masks and grids for nanoelectronics and nanophotonics.
Tutor: Šikola Tomáš, prof. RNDr., CSc.
- Study of principles in fabrication of nanostructures by local sputtering and deposition using the focused ion beam (FIB) - Application of FIB for fabrication of masks and grids in nanoelectronics and nanophotonics
The first-principal calculations of ultrathin layers (e.g. graphene) allow the determination of electronic and optical properties that can be utilized in the sensitivity/effectivity improvement of the sensors, solar cells and field effect transistors. In Ph.D. thesis, the attention will be paid to the research of the changes of mentioned properties caused by atoms and molecules adsorption. In the first-principle calculations the density functional theory (DFT) implemented into the VASP and FIREBALL software will be used.
Study of the growth of semiconductor nanowires and their heterostructures - selection and deposition of proper catalytic nanoparticles, - growth of homogeneous nanowires (e.g. Si, Ge) by PVD and/or CVD methods, and optimization of their growth (e.g. by in situ observation in SEM for PVD), - growth and optimization of nanowire heterostructures
Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD) of thin films ZrO2, HfO2, Al2O3, hydroxylapatite.
Applications of tools of informatics, computer science and numerical mathematics for the description of motion of an electromagnetic pulse in dispersive medium. This approach shall be exiting from the solution of an equation describing these sorts of waving, which is identical, from the mathematical point of view, with the relativistic wave equation. It is possible to make an effort to apply the Vainshtein generalized definition of the group velocity of a pulse, eventually another definitions of this velocity, to various types of dispersive media and to different types of input pulses. The applications is expected in the pulse transfer of informations for example in waveguides, optical fibres and optical cables, especially in the case of the nanosecond pulses.
Tutor: Klapka Jindřich, doc. RNDr., CSc.
Deflecting electrostatic system consists of 8 electrodes precisely machined and adjusted powered by precise power supplies. Deflection field is changed in case of misalignment of electrodes or due to incorrect voltages. Additional focusing, dipole, quadrupole and hexapole fields appear if the imperfections are present. 3D calculation of electrostatic field must be done if the electrode is shifted or tilted.
- matrix method for computations in electron optics - influence of tolerancing and 5th order aberrations - implementation of the differential algebra method for the computation of aberration coefficients of an arbitrary order
Application of plasmon polaritons in nanophotonics> - Fabrication of plasmonic nanostrucutres (e.g. nanoantennas) and a study of their influence on local excitation of electromagnetic. radiation. - Application of plasmonic nanostructures in local excitation of photoluminescence or enhancement of solar cell efficiency.
- Development of the methods of fabricatiom of nanostructures and nanodevices (e.g. quantum rings and dots, single electron transistors, spin valves, etc.) by application of available methods (e.g. local anodic oxidation by AFM, focused ion beam - FIB, electron lithography) on advanced materials and structures (e.g. semiconductor heterostructures with 2D electron gas, magnetic layered structures and semiconductors, graphene, etc.). - Measurement of electrical and magnetoelectrical properties of fabricated stractures and devices, ane their possible application
The content of the dissertation thesis are numerical simulations of the scattering of light from adequate rough surfaces of solids which are based on the Beckmann-Kirchhoff, the Rayleigh-Rice and the Harvey-Shack scattering theory
The aim of the dissertation thesis is the development of a methodology for evaluation of experimental data obtained by means of an imaging reflectometer in broad spectral range for determination of optical parameters of thin films under study.
Application of localized surface plasmons: - study of the influence of environment and substrates of nanostructures on localized surface plasmons, - application of localized surface plasmons (e.g. in biosensors).
Properties and application of plasmon polaritons in nanophotonics - generation and detection of surfaces plasmon polaritons in metal thin films and nanostructures, - study of propagation of plasmon polaritons on surfaces of these objects and their application (e.g. in nanosensors).
Tutor: Dub Petr, prof. RNDr., CSc.
Study of the properties of localized surface plasmon modes: - generation of specific modes of localized surface plasmons in nanostructures, - methods of detection and mapping of the modes of localized surface plasmons in nanostructures.
Study of magnetic properties of micro- and nanostructures: - fabrication of nanowires, nanodisks and other magnetic nanostructures by lithographic (EBL, FIB,…) and hybrid methods (selective growth) and their characterization, - measurement of the processes of magnetization of these nanostructures by static and dynamic methods (MFM, microscopic MOKE? XMCD,…) and their application for data storing.
- development of techniques for preparation of ardered arrays of nanoparticles from colloidal solutions on different substrates - study of optical (plasmonic) properties of prepared nanostructures - study of transport properties of prepared nanostructures - applications development (e.g. towards detection of biomolecules etc.)
The aim of the dissertation thesis is instrumental and methodological development in imaging of thin samples using scanning electron microscopy. Classical imaging will be extended to a quantitative imaging that adds a value to the images in a form of information about physical and biophysical properties like macromolecular mass, mass/thickness mapping, or material contrast. Also various preparation techniques will be investigated (chemical, cryo methods) with a focus to this kind of imaging. Intended sensitive specimens for quantitative imaging will be mainly nanoobjects such as liposomes or combinations of nanoparticles with proteins that play important role in medicine.
Tutor: Krzyžánek Vladislav, Ing., Ph.D.
Development of hybrid methods of the selective growth of nanostructures on patterned substrates: - patterning of sample surfaces by nanolithographic methods (FIB, SEM, SPM), - selective growth of metallic or semiconductor (e.g. GaN) nanostructures on these surfaces by sputtering under UHV conditions or by deposition from colloidal solutions.
A study of the influence of the magetic field on the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons. Exploitaion of this phenomenon in the field of sensors and detectors.
- Building an apparatus for the measurements of local and integral photoluminescence properties of nanostructures - Study of photoluminescence properties of nanostructures (ordered and disordered semiconductor/dielectric structures)
- Development of the methods of manipulation/formation of nanofibres (e.g. C60) between segments of nanoelectrodes. - Measurement of electrical transport properties of nanofibres.
- Application of a newly developed ultravacuum apparatus based on MBE and RHEED, for preparation of magnetic ultrathin films and nanostructures - Application of FIB, EBL and other methods for preparation of magnetic ultrathin films and nanostructures - Study of magnetic properties of ultrathin films and nanostructures
Study plan wasn't generated yet for this year.