Course detail

Computer Art

FIT-VINAcad. year: 2015/2016

Current digital camers not only capture the light, current cameras compute images. Methods of computational photography make use of algorithms from computer vision, image processing, and computer graphics to overcome limitations of the traditional as well as the digital photography. In this course, we will introduce the most interesting computational photography methods, which enable e.g. to enhance the depth of field of the camera, overcome limited dynamic range of the sensor, or reduce motion blur.

Introduction into computer art, computer-aided creativity in the context of generalized aesthetics, a brief history of the computer art, aesthetically productive functions (periodic functions, cyclic functions, spiral curves, superformula), creative algorithms with random parameters (generators of pseudo-random numbers with different distributions, generator combinations), context-free graphics and creative automata, geometric substitutions (iterated transformations, graftals), aesthetically productive proportions (golden section in mathematics and arts), fractal graphics (dynamics of a complex plane, 3D projections of quaternions, Lindenmayer rewriting grammars, space-filling curves, iterated affine transformation systems, terrain modeling etc.), chaotic attractors (differential equations), mathematical knots (topology, graphs, spatial transformations), periodic tiling (symmetry groups, friezes, rosettes, interlocking ornaments), non-periodic tiling (hierarchical, spiral, aperiodic mosaics), exact aesthetics (beauty in numbers, mathematical appraisal of proportions, composition and aesthetic information).

Language of instruction

Czech

Number of ECTS credits

5

Mode of study

Not applicable.

Learning outcomes of the course unit

Students will get acquainted with the principles of mathematics and computer science in the artistic fields, get acquainted with examples of the applied computer art, its history, current tendencies and future development, students will also learn practical skills from the field of computer art and finally, they will realize practically artistic creations with the aid of computer.

Prerequisites

Artistic sense, basic mathematical knowledge, basic knowledge of principles of computer graphics, image processing, computer vision and traditional photography.

Co-requisites

Not applicable.

Planned learning activities and teaching methods

Not applicable.

Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes

Study evaluation is based on marks obtained for specified items. Minimimum number of marks to pass is 50.

Course curriculum

Syllabus of lectures:
  1. Computational photography: introduction to computational photography, methods and principles.
  2. High Dynamic Range imaging: introduction of HDR and tone mapping techniques, possibilities and limitations.
  3. Towards mathematical art: Overview of art in 20th and 21st centuries.
  4. Generalized aesthetics: Visual forms of mathematical art.
  5. History of computer art: From analog oscillograms to virtual reality.
  6. Aesthetic functions I: From sinus and cosinus to the superformula.
  7. Aesthetic functions II: Generated graphics and the rhythm of algorithms.
  8. Aesthetic proportions: Golden section in mathematics, art and design.
  9. Graftals: Branching systems and models of growth in nature.
  10. Fractals I: Iterated functions systems and space-filling curves.
  11. Mathematical knots: From Celtic motives to algorithmic sculptures.
  12. Ornaments and tiling I: Symmetry, periodic tiling and interlocking ornaments.
  13. Exact aesthetics: Mathematical appraisal of shape, color and composition.

Syllabus of computer exercises:
Practical assignments follow the lecture topics and are realized in a form of creative workshops (demonstration programs for each topic are available).
Syllabus - others, projects and individual work of students:
Letterism and ASCII art, Digital improvisation, Generated graphics, Quantized functions, Chaotic attractors, Context-free graphics, Non-linear transformations, Quaternion fractals, Fractal landscape, Knotting, Escher's tiling, Islamic ornament, Digital collage, Graphic poster

Work placements

Not applicable.

Aims

The aim is to introduce computational photography methods (http://cphoto.fit.vutbr.cz/) and to get acquainted with the principles of mathematics and computer science in the artistic fields, to get acquainted with examples of the applied computer art, its history, current tendencies and future development, to learn practical skills from the field of computer art and realize practically artistic creations with the aid of computer (http://artgorithms.droppages.com).

Specification of controlled education, way of implementation and compensation for absences

The monitored teaching activities include lectures, individual creative workshop projects, and the final exam in a form of a creative graphics application. The final exam has two possible correction terms.

Recommended optional programme components

Not applicable.

Prerequisites and corequisites

Not applicable.

Basic literature

  • Bruter, C. P.: Mathematics and Art. Springer Verlag, 2002.
  • Caplan, C. S. The Bridges Archive. The Bridges Organization, 2013. 
  • Emmer, M., ed.: Mathematics and Culture II: Visual Perfection. Mathematics and Creativity. Springer Verlag, 2005.
  • Emmer, M., ed.: The Visual Mind II. The MIT Press, 2005.
  • Friedman, N., Akleman, E.: HYPERSEEING. The International Society of the Arts, Mathematics, and Architecture (ISAMA), 2012. 
  • Kapraff, J.: Connections: The Geometric Bridge Between Art and Science. World Scientific Publishing Company; 2nd edition, 2002.
  • Manovich, L.: Software Takes Command. Bloomsbury Academic, 2013.
  • McCormack, J., et al.: Ten Questions Concerning Generative Computer Art. Leonardo: Journal of Arts, Sciences and Technology, 2012.
  • Peterson, I.: Fragments of Infinity: A Kaleidoscope of Math and Art. John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
  • Radovic, L.: VisMath. Mathematical Institute SASA, Belgrade, 2014.

Recommended reading

  • Adams, C. C.: The Knot Book. Freeman, New York, 1994.
  • Barnsley, M.: Fractals Everywhere. Academic Press, Inc., 1988.
  • Bentley, P. J.: Evolutionary Design by Computers.Morgan Kaufmann, 1999.
  • Deussen, O., Lintermann, B.: Digital Design of Nature: Computer Generated Plants and Organics.X.media.publishing, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2005.
  • Glasner, A. S.: Frieze Groups. In: IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, pp. 78-83, 1996.
  • Grünbaum, B., Shephard, G. C.: Tilings and Patterns. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, 1987.
  • Livingstone, C.: Knot Theory. The Mathematical Association of America, Washington D.C., 1993.
  • Lord, E. A., Wilson, C. B.: The Mathematical Description of Shape and Form. John Wiley & Sons, 1984.
  • Mandelbrot, B.: The Fractal Geometry of Nature. W. H. Freeman, New York - San Francisco, 1982.
  • Moon, F.: Chaotic and Fractal Dynamics. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990.
  • Ngo, D. C. L et al. Aesthetic Measure for Assessing Graphic Screens. In: Journal of Information Science and Engineering, No. 16, 2000.
  • Peitgen, H. O., Richter, P. H.: The Beauty of Fractals. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1986.
  • Pickover, C. A.: Computers, Pattern, Chaos and Beauty. St. Martin's Press, New York, 1991.
  • Prusinkiewicz, P., Lindenmayer, A.: The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990.
  • Schattschneider, D.: Visions of Symmetry (Notebooks, Periodic Drawings, and Related Work of M. C. Escher). W. H. Freeman & Co., New York, 1990.
  • Sequin, C. H.: Procedural Generation of Geometric Objects. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, 1999.
  • Spalter, A. M.: The Computer in the Visual Arts. Addison Weslley Professional, 1999.
  • Stiny, G., Gips, J.: Algorithmic Aesthetics; Computer Models for Criticism and Design in the Arts. University of California Press, 1978.
  • Todd, S., Latham, W.: Evolutionary Art and Computers.Academic Press Inc., 1992.
  • Turnet, J. C., van der Griend, P. (eds.): History and Science of Knots. World Scientific, London, 1995.

Classification of course in study plans

  • Programme IT-MGR-2 Master's

    branch MBI , any year of study, summer semester, elective
    branch MPV , any year of study, summer semester, elective
    branch MSK , any year of study, summer semester, elective
    branch MIS , any year of study, summer semester, elective
    branch MBS , any year of study, summer semester, elective
    branch MIN , any year of study, summer semester, elective
    branch MMM , any year of study, summer semester, elective
    branch MGM , 1. year of study, summer semester, elective

Type of course unit

 

Lecture

26 hours, optionally

Teacher / Lecturer

Syllabus

  1. Computational photography: introduction to computational photography, methods and principles.
  2. High Dynamic Range imaging: introduction of HDR and tone mapping techniques, possibilities and limitations.
  3. Towards mathematical art: Overview of art in 20th and 21st centuries.
  4. Generalized aesthetics: Visual forms of mathematical art.
  5. History of computer art: From analog oscillograms to virtual reality.
  6. Aesthetic functions I: From sinus and cosinus to the superformula.
  7. Aesthetic functions II: Generated graphics and the rhythm of algorithms.
  8. Aesthetic proportions: Golden section in mathematics, art and design.
  9. Graftals: Branching systems and models of growth in nature.
  10. Fractals I: Iterated functions systems and space-filling curves.
  11. Mathematical knots: From Celtic motives to algorithmic sculptures.
  12. Ornaments and tiling I: Symmetry, periodic tiling and interlocking ornaments.
  13. Exact aesthetics: Mathematical appraisal of shape, color and composition.

Project

26 hours, optionally

Teacher / Lecturer